Sri lanka

Sri Lanka is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, just southeast of the Indian subcontinent. Despite its relatively small size, its position in a tropical zone and its varied topography—from coastal plains to central highlands—make it a hotspot of ecological richness.

Sri Lanka is one of the world's top biodiversity hotspots, especially remarkable for its high rate of endemism. The island is home to thousands of species of plants, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds—many of which are found nowhere else. Key ecosystems include tropical rainforests, dry monsoon forests, wet zone cloud forests, mangroves, and coral reefs. The Sinharaja Forest Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the last viable remnants of primary tropical rainforest on the island.

This biodiversity is protected through a network of national parks and sanctuaries, such as Yala, Udawalawe, and Horton Plains, which support species like the Sri Lankan leopard, Asian elephant, and many endemic amphibians. Thanks to its unique geographic position and ecological variety, Sri Lanka holds global importance for biodiversity conservation and endemic species protection.